Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Being An Organ Donor Before They Die - 994 Words

The first strategy suggested being Education; some educational efforts focus on increasing the number of people who consent to be an organ donor before they die, and others focus on educating families when they are considering giving consent for their deceased loved one’s organs. Another potential strategy is mandated choice where every individual would have to indicate their wishes regarding organ transplantation in legal documents e.g. drivers licenses and hospitals must comply with the written wishes of the individual regardless of what their family may want. This method has a positive aspect in that it enforces the concept of individual autonomy, but the downside being that it requires an enormous level of trust in the medical system. Presumed consent is a third strategy where citizens’ organs are taken after they die, unless a person specifically requests not to donate while still living. Many worries with this method is that the general public would have to be educated and well informed about organ donation, which is difficult to adequately achieve. Also, this approach requires people who wish to opt out to take action and this might unfairly burden some people e.g. minority cultural groups and immigrants might find it most challenging to opt out of donating due to language barriers and transportation difficulties. Another strategy under consideration is using incentives by giving assistance to families of a donor with funeral costs, to donating to charities in theShow MoreRelatedThe Punishment Of The United States1669 Words   |  7 Pages Inmate Christian Longo was convicted of the crimes he committed and he was on death row, he wrote an appeal to have his organs donated when he was executed, however he was denied. In an editorial by Longo put in the New York Times he said, â€Å"Eight years ago I was sentenced to death for the murders of my wife and three children. I am guilty. I once thought that I could fool others into believing this was not true. Failing that, I tried to convince myself that it didn’t matter. But, gradually, theRead MoreThe Need for Organ Donors Essay995 Words   |  4 Pageslife-saving transplant in time, eighteen people will die because the organ transplant they need will not be possible. Today I will explain the need for organ donors, how you can become an organ donor, and finally, how ones decisions can and is affecting society. There is a need for organ donors. Having enough people die isn’t the problem, there are more than enough potential donors dying but deny the right for someone to use their organs. This isn’t a small problem, but an enormous problemRead MoreWaiting Before Waiting By Merriam Webster Essay1595 Words   |  7 Pageswaiting on, the process beings all again. Nail biting worrying waiting, waiting to see if we got the big promotion or if we passed the test that one chose to just wing. Waiting can be an enjoyable game, it can help see where life takes one but on the other hand waiting can be neve racking horrible game. We wait on the abundant aroma of the plentifully Thanksgiving meal that is received each November of juicy turkey and cloud like potato soufflà ©. Once Thanksgiving passes one beings to wait on the jollyRead MoreOrgan Donation Essay1454 Words   |  6 Pageschance to give a person life through donating an organ is selfless. However, many people have an aversi on to becoming an organ donor. The reasons vary from personal reasons to very strict beliefs. An individual source can never determine the prime reason for a person’s choice not to donate an organ. Questions may arise on the ethics of these said people on if they should have the opportunity to receive an organ since they themselves are not donors. The opinions vary on this controversial topic; neverthelessRead MorePersuasive Speech : Organ Donor1480 Words   |  6 Pagesaudience of the importance of becoming an organ donor to save lives. Thesis: Becoming an organ donor can give severely ill people another chance at living a normal life. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Imagine having a loved one who is in end stage organ failure and has been put on the organ transplant waiting list, in hopes getting the chance to live. B. Reason to Listen: With the long list of people waiting to receive an organ transplant, it is important thatRead MoreSpeech on Organ Donation Essay1260 Words   |  6 PagesSpeech on Organ Donation Good Morning. Today I am going to talk to you all about the delicate topic of organ donation, and share with you some of my views on the subject. What are the major problems in our society today? Illicit Drug Abuse? Excessive Alcohol intake? Or maybe the increasing levels of Obesity? I bet none of you thought of the sheerRead MoreBenefits Of A Transplant Or A Kidney Transplant1646 Words   |  7 Pagesdreaded or heroic. In fact, each day, an average of 79 people receive organ transplants because of the generous. However, an average of 21 people die each day waiting for transplants that can t take place because of the shortage of donated organs (Organdonor.gov). How can we fix this? Are you the friend that will give a helping hand or one that will run away? Currently, more than 120 million people in the U.S. are signed up to be a donor. But statistics can be hard to come by and something that can changeRead MoreThe Effects Of Organ Donation995 Words   |  4 Pages There are organ shortages in the United States, which makes organ donation a health concern: â€Å"Today, there are nearly 118,000 individuals waiting for an organ transplant to live healthier, more productive lives. For some people with end-stage organ failure, it is truly a matter of life and de ath,† (Moritsugu, 2013, p.245). Not only is there a shortage of organs but other consequences when it comes to organ donation, such as psychological concerns, complications after surgery and deciding who receivesRead MoreOrgan Donation1163 Words   |  5 PagesBut by becoming an organ donor, you can be able to say â€Å"I will save a life.† Organ donation is a selfless way to give back to others, and to be able to make a huge difference by giving another person a second chance at life. Unfortunately, the number of patients waiting for organs far exceeds the number of people who have registered to become organ donors. Patients are forced to wait months, even years for a match, and far too many die before they are provided with a suitable organ. There are many shamesRead MoreThe Ultimate Gift: The Gift of life-Organ Donation1075 Words   |  5 Pagestakes you being an organ donor. Organ donation has negative connotation tied to its back. even though many people in today s society believe that no wrong can happen in their life but in reality we are not invincible and accidents do happen and your time will come to end sometime. The act of organ donation is a compassionate and the humane choice for a person to make. Transplantation is a modern medical marven. Despite continuing advances in medicine and technology, the need for organs and tissue

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Philip Larkin Here Free Essays

He can see everyday life during his journey, â€Å"traffic†, â€Å"workmen at dawn†. He also describes his runner into hull by the use Of the widening Of the river Hummer, which runs through Hull. It shows that he started his journey where the river was thin and at its source and has followed the winding path to its mouth. We will write a custom essay sample on Philip Larkin Here or any similar topic only for you Order Now At the end of the first stanza, Larkin uses a mixture of impressions to describe the nature around him, â€Å"gold clouds† and â€Å"shining gull marked mud†. Larkin is using this mixture of positive words to describe a negative scene to portray a kind of beauty, Larkin tells the reader how it is, he is an observer. In the second stanza, Larkin describes the town, which shows that Larkin is near the ND of his journey. Larkin begins his portrayal of the town by using a list of descriptive words such as â€Å"scattered streets†, â€Å"barge filled waters, â€Å"spires and cranes†. These different descriptive words show the activity of the port and portray a sense of confusion (scattered and crowded). Hull is a very busy port town and used in exporting lots of goods and has been like that for many years, which is why Larkin is able to use the historic nature of the town in his poem, † slave museum†, â€Å"residents of raw estates† (the word raw here suggests new, which shows how the port has probably been regenerated after the destruction caused in the war and the increase in demand for houses). Larkin is also telling the reader the time period in which he is writing in, â€Å"grim head-scarred wives†, generally worn by working class women; however the word grim puts a more depressing look on things. The time period is also portrayed in the description of the buses, â€Å"flat faced trolleys†, the new style of bus, with a flat face instead of curved. Also the list of different items t the end of stanza 2 show the boom in Britain after the Second World War with new technologies and the explosion of materialism. In stanza 3, the first line Larkin says â€Å"urban yet simple†, this can either be interpreted in a negative way or a positive way. It could show how Larkin looks down on them and feels as though he is better than them which is negative, however, it could be portrayed as though Larkin is admiring their lifestyle in a nicer, positive way. Larkin describes the port as â€Å"fishy-smelling pastoral Of ships† the word pastoral is a strange word to use however it is a link to the country side (pastoral farming) and is also a possible reference to how the port has hanged over the years and got bigger and more used and so that is why it is â€Å"fishy-smelling’. Thee city does not define Larkin, he is not part of a â€Å"cut- priced crowd† or want â€Å"mortgaged half-built houses†, in fact, most of what the city is representing is the opposite of what Larkin actually wants, which is why the last stanza is all about an isolate place. In the last stanza of the poem, we start to understand how Larrikin preferable state isolation/loneliness â€Å"loneliness clarifies† which shows that Larkin is saying that you only really know who you are when you are alone. In the fourth stanza is where we find the first full stop of the poem which can be indicated as the train Larkin has been on has come to a halt. The caesuras in the first two lines of stanza four also help to emphasis the quietness and loneliness of the area where Larkin lived the rest of his life. We get other indications of loneliness and isolation in the poem â€Å"Mr. Balance’, where a man used to live in a flat by himself with only the bare essentials in it. â€Å"Here silence stands† the alliteration of the â€Å"s† sound and the caesura help to emphasis the stillness and how the poem now comes more static compared to the movement of the previous three stanzas. The rhythm is changed by these caesuras which create a longer sentence which also makes the poem feel slower and more static. Beyond the main madness of the town, Larkin is able to find more description of beauty which would normally be missed because he has no distractions in this isolate place â€Å"Hidden weeds flower, neglected. By the end of the last stanza, Larkin has moved from his new home to the beach where he stands, looking out over the water â€Å"ends the land†, â€Å"facing the sun† which indicates owe Larkin is now at peace, away from normal everyday madness, he is one with the elements and has no fear in facing the sun like he does with other commitments. This is also emphasizes with the soft alliteration sounds used to describe the area he is in â€Å"shapes and shingle†, â€Å"air ascends†. Larkin uses very clever use of language in the last stanza as he almost tries to paint a big picture on his canvas for his readers to see which is clearly indicated in the line â€Å"bluish neutral distance†, he tries to describe colors to clearly show the natural beauty. And the final line of the poem, really sums up Larrikin love of isolation and loneliness with the phase â€Å"initiative, out of reach† which are very unsociable words, however that perfectly describes Larrikin personality. The last stanza is different to the previous stanzas because Larkin talks about cosmically and elemental objects rather than the materialistic objects by describing the sea, sun, flowers instead of plate glassed doors and flat faced trellises. There is a rhyming scheme used throughout this poem which is very subtle and consist of very few perfect rhymes and more half rhymes. How to cite Philip Larkin Here, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Business Analysis for My Health Record- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Analysis for My Health Record. Answer: Increased technology has facilitated the development of business and consumer-oriented online applications in various areas including healthcare. For the past few years, the healthcare sector has established numerous initiatives meant to improve the health and well-being of patients through the digital platforms. This led to the introduction of My Health Record which is to be used by health organizations to enhance the patients empowerment and their overall health. My health record is an online system that stores the summary of a patients health information. This system allows individuals to control what content should be captured and who can access their records. Also, patients have the right to choose the medical professionals to share their health information. Presently, at least 20 percent of the Australian populations are listed to My Health Record which translates to about 5 million people (My Health Record, 2012). At the same time close to 10,000 health care providers including hospitals, pharmacies, aged care facilities are connected to the system (My Health Record, 2012). To ensure that every person is receiving efficient medical services, the Australian government is working to safeguard that every Australian is registered for My Health Record. This paper tries to examine the non-functional requirements, the efficiency of the cloud-based solutions and the benefits and weaknesses of using My Health Record SDLC approach. Non-functional Requirements This section will explore the non-functional requirements that apply to My Health Records. Non-functional requirements are those features or limitations implicated on a product or system. In most cases, these requirements are usually poorly understood forcing relevant users to neglect them which pose a serious risk in requirements operations (Meulendijk et.al. 2014). FURPS is an abbreviation that is commonly used to represent a model for categorizing the quality and efficiencies of a system. They include components like usability, reliability, performance and security. Usability Refers to the simplicity in which a system can be learned or used. My health Record should be adequately intuitive to enable first-hand users to learn the basic operations of the system within a short time. Similarly, the users should be able to access any page with immediate response time and should be denied access when moving or using more than one screen to complete an obligation. Reliability Refers to the extent in which the system should work for the end users and how data can be made available to relevant parties. The specifications for this requirement incorporate the aspects of accuracy, repair time, availability and downtime. With the exception of severe disasters that distract the whole population, health organizations must have adequate local redundancies to power down non-critical systems. My Health Record should also be installed in a manner that it can immediately run on a backup power supply like the generators for a few hours to backup data. Performance Refers to the response time, capacity, and throughput of the system. It would be efficient for the user-interface monitor to respond within seconds. While searching the system for say, medication, My Health Record database should be able to display sufficient amount of data per page and give a response in a matter of seconds after retrieving a patient's information. Security Refers to the ability to provide absolute data confidentiality, availability, and integrity. My Health Record is designed in a manner to allow user authentication. This requires that anyone accessing the database must have a Login password and every patient should identify themselves when using the system End-user authentication to several applications must be enabled by a single authorization on the system. Medical practitioners with no treatment relationship with patients should only be allowed to search a patient's confidential health information through the break the glass procedure in documented critical emergencies and should generate an audit log. Review of the Cloud-based Each day more multiple billion bytes of data is produced, and the amount generated continues to grow exponentially. As a result, organizations including those in healthcare demand the need of owning and maintaining their own servers. This has contributed to the development of cloud-based technology which has become the most popular alternative. The healthcare sector, just like in other fields, requires consistent technological innovations so as to stay efficient, reliable, and timely and to deliver high standard services. To develop an effective digital health platform that the medical professionals and the patients can understand and use, it should be able to capture all data in a presentable and manageable format. The system must be easy to use and flexible to be incorporated into the daily health software in all aspects of medical care. It is evident that cloud-based computing will offer health organizations with numerous benefits. Shifting to the cloud-based system provides cost effective software for medical professionals that requires less expensive servers. Many experts believe that cloud-based technology will improve the healthcare sector by minimizing the costs associated with electronic health record start-up (Li et.al, 2013). The system automates the procedures of capturing a clients data through a series of sensors that are linked to the medical equipment and machines, and sends these data to the medical centres, that is the cloud for processing, storing, and dissemination (SENCER, 2015). Users of the cloud-based computing may also benefit for obtain immediate data collection processes anytime. The cloud system is user-friendly to help reduce manual work collection which smoothes the deployment procedures (RACGP, n.d). Financial reporting will be simplified and will be quick to generate data. This implies t hat staff will spend minimal time calculating numbers and will utilize much of their time to facilitate financially stable and cost-effective and gainful practices. There are numerous challenges that will face the healthcare organizations when they move their electronic data to the cloud. One major problem is the issue regarding the integrity and security of the patients health information (RACGP, n.d). It is possible that when data is stored on the cloud-based system, health care providers will not have full control over the security of their client's information (SENCER, 2015). There are possible dangers that patients data may be exposed to unauthorized parties or may be lost (Chen Zhao, 2012, March). Also, regulations implemented are many and may differ from one region to another concerning a clients information. Such features may make compliance with several principles possibly complex. There also exists cases where the servers may experience outages or difficulties, during such instances, availability to access patients data may be restricted. SDLC Approach Systems Development Life Cycle is a blend of the iterative and incremental processes to enhance adaptability and customer satisfaction by providing working software products (McMurtrey, 2013). SDLC offers a standard that is commonly used in project management to enhance the quality of information system. The SDLC phases involve various functional groups to work concurrently on the areas of planning, analysis, design, testing, implementation, and the maintenance. Agile and waterfall approaches are some of the SDLC models. Agile uses the adaptive approach whereas waterfall uses the predictive software development approach. The predictive approach mainly relies on the requirement planning and analysis undertaken at the start of a cycle (Georgetown University, 2017). When My Health Record is aligned with these models, any adjustments that are to be incorporated are taken through a severe modification control prioritization and management. The predictive model has numerous benefits. The approach has been found to be simple to use and understand. It has been found to work well with small projects where requirements are properly understood (Okoli Carillo, 2012). It is also easy to manage the predictive approach because of its rigidity characteristics. This is due to the fact that every stage includes some deliverables and a review process. Also, the processes and outcomes are properly documented and presented. The drawbacks of the predictive approach are that once a system has moved to the testing stage, it may be problematic to go back and make the necessary adjustments (Mikoluk, 2013). As such, this model may not work well with long, continuous and complicated projects. This model may also not be suitable for a project where requirements are highly susceptible to changes. Thus, uncertainties and threats are increasingly high with this model. The adaptive approach is mostly used where there is no detailed planning, and there exists some clarity on future obligations only in respect of what areas needs to be modified (Stoica, Mircea Ghilic-Micu, 2013). This model allows feature oriented developments and the team members involved quickly adapt to transforming the product requirement vigorously. The product developed is tested regularly to minimize the challenges of experiencing significant failures in future (Mikoluk, 2013). This approach may offer many benefits to My Health Record implementation process. This model helps to promote effective teamwork as well as cross training. Since products can be modified at the testing stage, then the adaptive approach may be the most suitable model for features that are fixed or change frequently (Okoli Carillo, 2012). Few rules may apply for this method and documentation is readily engaged. Also, this model warrants the development of concurrent products and provides results within a specified planned framework. The disadvantages of the adaptive model are that it is not suitable for handling complicated dependencies (Mikoluk, 2013). Also, an overall plan is a must otherwise the project may not generate desired output. Conclusion The concept of My Health Record is a significant step in the direction of the contemporary digitally connected environment. My Health Record has the capability of saving many human lives, time, and taxpayers' money. As must as there are doubts and uncertainties from every angle as to how My Health Record will effectively work, there is room for improvement and this system will prove to be the way forward to efficient and quality medical services. It has an absolute need among the Australian population. This system should, in theory, decrease healthcare expenses by minimizing at the very least pointless investigations. The adaptive method may be suitable when designing and implementing the My Health Record because it offers a very accurate approach to software development. References Chen, D., Zhao, H. (2012, March). Data security and privacy protection issues in cloud computing. In Computer Science and Electronics Engineering (ICCSEE), 2012 International Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 647-651). IEEE. Georgetown University. (2017). Pros and Cons of Predictive Analysis. Retrieved on 24 May, 2017, from https://scsonline.georgetown.edu/programs/masters-technology-management/resources/pros-cons-predictive-analysis Li, M., Yu, S., Zheng, Y., Ren, K., Lou, W. (2013). Scalable and secure sharing of personal health records in cloud computing using attribute-based encryption. IEEE transactions on parallel and distributed systems, 24(1), 131-143. McMurtrey, M. (2013). A case study of the application of the systems development life cycle (sdlc) in 21st century health care: Something old, something new?. Journal of the Southern Association for Information Systems, 1(1). Meulendijk, M., Meulendijks, E., Jansen, P., Numans, M., Spruit, M. (2014). What concerns users of medical apps? Exploring non-functional requirements of medical mobile applications. Mikoluk, K. (2013). Agile vs. waterfall: Evaluating the pros and cons. Udemy/BLOG. My Health Record. (2012). Welcome to My Health Record. Retrieved on 24 May, 2017, from https://myhealthrecord.gov.au/internet/mhr/publishing.nsf/content/home Okoli, C., Carillo, K. (2012). The best of adaptive and predictive methodologies: Open source software development, a balance between agility and discipline. International Journal of Information Technology and Management, 11(1-2), 153-166. RACGP. (n.d). 2.3 Cloud Computing. Retrieved on 24 May, 2017, from https://www.racgp.org.au/digital-business-kit/cloud-computing/ SENCER. (2015). Is Storing Health-care Data in the Cloud a Good Idea? Retrieved on 24 May, 2017, from https://ww2.kqed.org/learning/2015/11/18/is-storing-health-care-data-in-the-cloud-a-good-idea/ Stoica, M., Mircea, M., Ghilic-Micu, B. (2013). Software Development: Agile vs. Traditional. Informatica Economica, 17(4), 64.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

To an Unborn Pauper Chile free essay sample

Hardy considers the probable fate of a child soon to be born into poverty. This is a poem which grew from an incident that he probably witnessed in the Dorchester Magistrates Court but Hardys sincerity and compassion for the plight of human beings makes the incident of concern to us all. The poem begins startlingly with an opening line in which Hardy addresses the child as hid heart because it is as yet unborn in its mothers womb, and advises it not to be born to Breathe not and to cease silently. The rest of the verse gives Hardys reason for this advice. It is better to Sleep the long sleep because fate (The Doomsters) will bring the child troubles and difficulties (Travails and teens) in its life, and Time wraiths turn our songsingings to fear, that is our spontaneous feelings of joy and happiness in life are turned to fear by time. We will write a custom essay sample on To an Unborn Pauper Chile or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Time as usual in Hardys writings is seen as the enemy of man and the unusual conceptions of Fate as Doomsters and Time as Time-Wraiths (Spirits) suggests a conscious and deliberate process at work. STANZA 2 In the second stanza, Hardy develops the idea of the destructiveness of time urging the child to listen to how people sigh, and to note how all such natural positive values as laughter, hopes, faiths, affections and enthusiasms are destroyed by time. Set against these positive nouns are negative verbs suggesting this withering process: sigh, fail, die, dwindle, waste, numb. The verse concludes by stressing that the child cannot alter this process if it is born. In the third stanza, Hardy vows that if he were able to communicate with the unborn before their life on earth began, and if the child were able to choose whether to live or die, he would impart all his knowledge to the child and ask it if it would take life as it is. STANZA 4 Hardy immediately, and forcefully, rejects this as a futile vow, for he nor anyone can explain to the child what will happen to it when it is born (Lifes pending plan). The stanza contains weaknesses of style: the oddity of theeward and the awkward inversion Explain none can. But the last two lines present starkly the inevitability of birth in spite of the most dreadful events Life can bring. This ability to look unflinchingly at unpalatable reality is one of Hardys major strengths as a poet. Â  In contrast to the ending of the fourth stanza, the fifth one opens very gently. Hardy speaks directly and tenderly to the child, in simple monosyllables, wishing that he could find some secluded place (shut plot) in the world for it, where its life would be calm, unbroken by tear or qualm. But with tender simplicity, and the absence of any bitterness, Hardy recognises that I am weak as thou and bare he is unable to influence fate as the child. STANZA 6 The poem ends with the recognition that the child must come and live (bide) on earth, and the hope that in spite of the evidence it will find health, love and friends and joys seldom yet attained by people.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Free Essays on Pregnancy

There is much controversy over pregnancy’s initiated by older women. In the controversy there are several viewpoints as to why a pregnancy may be either beneficial or harmful for both the parent and child. Statistically, America has seen a shift in the number of pregnancies that occur into people thirties and even later. Numbers of late pregnancies are astounding to some people. According to the most current census, 44% of all births were to women over the age of thirty. If that is not surprising enough, of women aged 35-39 there was an increase of over 60% and for women in range of 40-44 there was a 50% increase. Many find it astounding for such a dramatic increase to occur within one decade. Women over the age of 35 may have difficulty conceiving a child. This is because at approximately the age of 30 there is a gradual decrease in fertility and as a result many older mothers are forces to undergo some type of fertility treatment in order to become pregnant. Once conception is achieved, there are other downsides to increased-age pregnancies. Unfortunately, with the older age, a woman is at greater risk of developing diabetes, fibroids or hypertensive disorders, which would affect the unborn child and could cause complications during birth. From the studies made on conceptions that occur at older ages there was found an increase of 5.5% chance that a mother under the age of 29 would have a pre-existing condition to 11.8% for women over thirty-five. Also, the number of complications that occur during pregnancy rose from 10.43% for women aged 20-29 to as many as 19.29% for those ranged 35-39 years old. Such complications may include: high blood pressure, third-trimester bleeding, and low lying placenta. Some other effects of older motherhood include the likelihood of included labor, fetal distress, the necessity of epidural anesthesia, or forceps delivery. In addition, there is a consensus in all studies made conc... Free Essays on Pregnancy Free Essays on Pregnancy There is much controversy over pregnancy’s initiated by older women. In the controversy there are several viewpoints as to why a pregnancy may be either beneficial or harmful for both the parent and child. Statistically, America has seen a shift in the number of pregnancies that occur into people thirties and even later. Numbers of late pregnancies are astounding to some people. According to the most current census, 44% of all births were to women over the age of thirty. If that is not surprising enough, of women aged 35-39 there was an increase of over 60% and for women in range of 40-44 there was a 50% increase. Many find it astounding for such a dramatic increase to occur within one decade. Women over the age of 35 may have difficulty conceiving a child. This is because at approximately the age of 30 there is a gradual decrease in fertility and as a result many older mothers are forces to undergo some type of fertility treatment in order to become pregnant. Once conception is achieved, there are other downsides to increased-age pregnancies. Unfortunately, with the older age, a woman is at greater risk of developing diabetes, fibroids or hypertensive disorders, which would affect the unborn child and could cause complications during birth. From the studies made on conceptions that occur at older ages there was found an increase of 5.5% chance that a mother under the age of 29 would have a pre-existing condition to 11.8% for women over thirty-five. Also, the number of complications that occur during pregnancy rose from 10.43% for women aged 20-29 to as many as 19.29% for those ranged 35-39 years old. Such complications may include: high blood pressure, third-trimester bleeding, and low lying placenta. Some other effects of older motherhood include the likelihood of included labor, fetal distress, the necessity of epidural anesthesia, or forceps delivery. In addition, there is a consensus in all studies made conc...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Air Pollution Essay Example for Free (#6)

Air Pollution Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? Air pollution caused by vehicles has been identified as the largest contributor to air pollution in the world. Air pollution caused by vehicles is when the burning of fossil fuels to power our vehicles gives off CO2 emission. This pollution by vehicles also produces toxic substances such as sulfur dioxide and carbon which can be fatal to humans. Air pollution also comes from industry as this source of pollution spews particulate matter and chemicals into the atmosphere. The output from factories includes sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide and dioxide. Almost all of Earth’s atmosphere or ecosystem has been altered by the long-term effects of pollution by industries. Power plants are also another reason to blame for air pollution. They spread gases that thickens the atmosphere, causing the heat to be blocked from exiting to space. The gases are heavy, and comes down to the ground causing pollution One of the power plants that gives out the most pollution is the power plant that is fired by coal. Coal burning is a leading cause of smog, acid rain, and toxic air pollution. Not only that, it also causes the greenhouse effect and holes in the ozone layer. Health Effects Air pollution can affect our health in many ways with both short-term and long-term effects. Some individuals are much more sensitive to pollutants than are others. Young children and elderly people often suffer more from the effects of air pollution. Examples of short-term effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and throat, and upper respiratory infections such as bronchitis and pneumonia. Other symptoms can include headaches, nausea, and allergic reactions. Short-term air pollution can aggravate the medical conditions of individuals with asthma and emphysema. Long-term health effects can include chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys. Continual exposure to air pollution affects the lungs of growing children and may aggravate or complicate medical conditions in the elderly. Air pollution also effects the human cardiovascular system as the inhalation of air pollutants eventually leads to their absorption into the bloodstream and transport to the heart. Some pollutants may also directly cause functional alterations that affect the rhythmicity and contractility of the heart. Causes of water pollution. Factories play a major role in pollution the water. Wastes from factories include toxins, such as lead, mercury and other contaminants. These chemicals are very harmful and can lead to serious health hazards. Fertilizers and pesticides used in agricultural farms, homeowners lawns and roadsides are a threat to the natural water source. When the pollutants runoff into local streams or rivers or drained down into groundwater, they contaminate the water completely. Mining is also another reason for water pollution. Heavy metals and sulphur components which are buried in the earth are exposed during mining and during rainfall these toxic chemicals are exposed, which results in acid rain. Air Pollution. (2016, Nov 15).

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Why water is our thirst - Quencher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Why water is our thirst - Quencher - Essay Example Whenever thirsty, most animals including human beings search for water event if it takes them to cover long journeys to exact points of open and reachable water. Similarly, plants would dry and curl their leaves during dry spells but regain full life during cold or wet seasons. From the above, it is totally arguable that water is the perfect thirst quencher. It is important to note that most of the body organs in human body and any animal works and properly execute their functions when moist. To be moist, the organs must be able to absorb nearly fresh water with little salt concentration. Failure to absorb water will leave the organs dry and at high temperatures. The high temperatures will cause serious burning effect that will work to suffocate that particular animal (Nicholson, 2010). In case of human beings, concentrated drinks like sodas, tea or coffee among others will have insignificant effect when taken during serious thirst. This is due to the significant acidic and sugar contents characterized with most of the drinks. Instead of lowering the body temperatures and in effect moist dry body organs, the acid will increase the burning effect due to thirst. It is also worth noting that most if not all of the concentrated drinks contain numerous chemical substances that may pose threat of poisoning the body. This therefore makes them the worst option a person can regard when thirsty. Instead of supplying plenty of fresh water to the liver and kidney to facilitate the process of detoxification, the drinks will inject more poisons to the body system and eventually paralyze basic physiological processes (Nicholson, 2010). However, there are certain drinks that have low levels of acid concentration but with high water concentration. Such drinks include and not limited to blended fruit juices, which when taken can help reduce thirst. In fact, natural fruits tend to

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Pope Pius, Ten Rules on Prohibited Books Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Pope Pius, Ten Rules on Prohibited Books - Essay Example 2. This document was written by the congregation during the Council of Trent, a convention of Catholic leaders, theological and Bible scholars of the Catholic Church and church dignitaries. Councils - the assembly of the Catholic dignitaries and which include Cardinals, Archbishops and Bishops - are usually presided by the Apostolic See or the Pope. Pope Pius V presided in the assembly of the Council of Trent. The decrees developed from the Council sessions were sanctioned, issued and confirmed by the Pope (J. Donovan, 3). 3. The Ten Rules on Prohibited Books was written in 1546 during the ecumenical assembly of The Council of Trent. The Council convened in 1545 and thereafter had three sessions presided by three popes. It culminated in 1563. In 1564, Pope Pius V formally confirmed all decrees from the three sessions and promulgated them. This decree, The Ten Rules on Prohibited Books, is part of the decrees produced by the Council (McHugh, Callan, 13). 4. The Council of Trent produced the Ten Rules on Prohibited Books as a response to the Reformation movement led by the prominent Protestant reformists such as Luther, Calvin and Zwingli. Although the Catholic Church, under attack by the radical ideas of the reformists, took twenty five years to respond, after Luther and his followers had already done the damage of the weakening the foundations of the church and the leadership of the Pope (Darby, 25). Luther decried the absolutism of the leaders of the Catholic Church as well as the indulgences of the Papacy in his speeches and in his writings (Davies, 57). This was the time when the authority of the Pope faced decline and countries in Europe were gearing up for the looming religious war (Wallbank, 2). The ecclesiastical leaders of the church, alarmed by the havoc the reformers created on their leadership, responded with prohibitions on published materials written mainly by Luther, Calvin and Zwingli or their followers (New, 34). The historical background of this decree is apparent as it specifically mentioned the leaders of the Reformation Movement and labeling the aforesaid leaders as 'heretics' or heretical authors. Moreover, the decree clarifies the types of books considered 'condemned' and the kinds of publications and writings deemed heretical and forbidden. The rules in this decree states that the only books permitted should be ones that are not contrary to the doctrine. This explicitly refers to the doctrine of the Catholic Church. The decree provides stipulations on punishment on whosoever has been found guilty of reading the forbidden works. This document was part of the voluminous decrees and legislations developed within the span of eighteen years during the Council of Trent whose aim was to 'define' the doctrines of Catholicism (New, 127). 5. The authors' goals in this decree are to define condemned works, stop the spread of heresy, and specify punishments for those who break the rules. In addition, it clearly specifies who the 'heretic' authors are 'and others like these' (II) and the nature of the condemned and prohibited writings. It also provides clarification with regards heretical works 'which deal professedly with religion' as they are absolutely forbidden. The authors of this decree purport to bring to an end the proliferation of 'heresy' brought

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Current State of Development in Latin America Essay Example for Free

The Current State of Development in Latin America Essay Throughout this paper I will be making reference to Peter Winns book Americas. Winn states on page 4 that Latin America is equally an invention, devised in the nineteenth century by a French geographer to describe the nations that had once been colonized by Latin EuropeSpain, France, and Portugal. In attempting to establish the current state of development in Latin America, historical chronology serves as the foundation necessary for a broad logical position. Latin American development has evolved in distinct phases, which lead to the present day standings of the politics and peoples throughout the region. The conclusion of distinct historical attributes: conquest, colonialism, immigration, capitalism, and industrialism, serve as the developmental path from the past, to allow an understanding of the current state of development. The conquest is a major factor in shaping Latin America. In 1492 Christopher Columbus landed on the shores of the Caribbean and claimed the new land in the name of Spain and God. From then on the world was changed forever in the sense that there was a whole New World to conquer. Conquistadors like Cortez and Pizarro then followed and claimed entire new lands and people in the name of gold and wealth. These men started a revolution that changed an entire continent. It was transformed from a free race of people at one with the land to one of slavery and oppression in which man was bound to the land. This was the beginning of colonialism in the New World. The newly founded colonialism changed everything about the land, its inhabitants, culture, and religion and even created new races of people, of which we still do not know everything about. With the curiosity of European countries piqued and rumors of cities made of gold, the Old World decided that there were no boundaries established within the New World and the land was for the taking. The controlling influence of the Catholic Church in the social and spiritual life of the colonies was deeply rooted in the Spanish past. Royal control over church affairs, in both Spain and the Indies, was founded on the institution of the royal patronage. As applied to the colonies, this patronage consisted in the absolute right of the Spanish kings to nominate all church officials and found churches and monasteries in the Americas. They converted prodigious numbers of natives, and some championed the rights of the Indians against their Spanish oppressors. Immigration and migration has held a major role in shaping our country. Immigrants have provided many things such as customs, manufacturing, inventions, and entertainment. Many people today dont realize how greatly we have been affected by immigration. Indian culture and the ways in which the Indians responded to the Hispanic invaders were shaped by their own long history on these continents. The Indians arrived from Asia by way of the Bering Strait no less than forty thousand years ago and in the course of time spread over both the American continents and eventually developed a wide range of cultural types, ranging from nomadic groups of hunters and food gatherers to the elaborate empires of the Aztecs and the Inca and the culturally advanced Mayan states. These three civilizations had certain features in common. All three were based on intensive farming that made possible the development of a large sedentary population and considerable division of labor. These civilizations, however, also evolved along distinctive lines. Mayan culture was distinguished by impressive achievements in writing, calendrical science, mathematics, and architecture. The Aztecs were mighty warriors, and a distinctive feature of their religion was large-scale human sacrifice. The Inca were the greatest empire builders of ancient America, and they made a serious and largely successful effort to unify the institutions and language of their extensive empire. On page 21 Winn states that as a result of these migrations, Latin America and the Caribbean is now a polyglot region with diversity of races, ethnicities, and cultures. Industrialism and capitalism go hand in hand in the shaping of Latin America as Winn states on page 13, Yet its geology has also helped the region, forming rich deposits of metals and minerals, as well as petroleum and gas reserves that are among the largest in the world. Side by side with the subsistence-and tribute economy of the Indians, there arose a Spanish commercial agriculture producing foodstuffs or raw materials for sale in local or distant markets. Stock-raising was another important economic activity in the colonies. The introduction of domestic animals represented a major Spanish contribution to American economic life. Mining, as the principal source of royal income, received the special attention and protection of the crown. Silver, rather than gold, was the principal product of the American mines. As in other times and places, the mining industry brought prosperity to a few and either failure or small success to the great majority. These points that I have mentioned are just a few of many that contributed to the shaping of Latin America. Many of the contributions follow the conquest and its consequences. As you can conclude the conquest gave birth to combining of cultures and a collision of European, Native American, and African people in which all helped mold Latin America into what it is today. Work Cited Winn, Peter. Americas. Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. 1992.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

An Unexpected Message from Our Past :: Barker Regeneration Essays

"An Unexpected Message from Our Past" Who decides that being different is a trait to be looked down upon? In the late 19th century, it was the English Parliament with the passage of the Criminal Law Amendment Bill, specifically outlawing all forms of male homosexual expression. This law, combined with the already negative attitude surrounding the gay community before and after World War I, implied that homosexuality was something to be ridiculed and scorned. This trend unfortunately continues yet over a century later. Pat Baker's Regeneration, starting on page 54 and continuing throughout the novel, repeatedly uses a non-fictional character, Siegfried Sassoon, to exhibit the unnecessary hurt that homosexuals experienced throughout history, an angle that was often neglected when homosexuals were discussed one hundred years ago. Regeneration displays the conflict that many homosexuals are tormented by when deciding whether to live for themselves and their personal needs or whether to conform in order to blend in with socie ty. In the late 19th century, the purity movement was well underway in England. Serious efforts made by those involved in legislation were creating "a climate where immorality could be tackled seriously" (Mort 114). With the passage of the Criminal Law Amendment Bill in 1885, the first steps were taken toward an "improved moral climate in the country" (Mort 129). While this new law included some positive improvements such as elevating the age of sexual consent for women from 13 to 16, a surprising addition was made just before the final vote was taken in Parliament. Henry Labouchere, a liberal in the House of Commons, introduced a clause "outlawing all forms of male homosexual contact" (Mort 129). The public embraced the addition and the "general negative attitude toward homosexuality" continued to grow with the law on its biased side as well (Robb 57). Ten years later, circumstances for homosexual males continued to look grim. On May 25, 1895, Oscar Wilde, a renowned playwright, was found guilty of engaging in homosexual activity and sentenced to the maximum punishment allowed: imprisonment for two years with hard labor. The judge, disgusted with Wilde, declared, "People who can do these things must be dead to all sense of shame," and he deemed the sentence inapt for such a vial criminal (Barger). In the years following, little change was made to ease the growing tension. When Edward Carpenter published his book The Intermediate Sex in 1909, he encouraged the acceptance and understanding of people with different sexual preferences and practices than those who found themselves in the majority.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Evolution as Fact and Theory Essay

A ‘theory’ according to American vernacular is understood as an uncertain approach to the world’s mysteries. It is seen as an idea that is not yet actually confirmed but if proven to be true, can shed light on the reasons behind certain phenomena. This vague notion of the meaning of theories is utilized by Creationists to diminish the impact of the Evolution, (Gould, 1981) dismissing it as a ‘mere’ theory. Scientifically however, a theory is an explanation or model based on careful observation, rigid experimentation, analytical interpretation and sound reasoning, especially something that has undergone testing and has been confirmed as a general principle that helps in clarifying and predicting natural occurrences. A scientific theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the physical world; a well structured system of accepted knowledge that could be applied in many circumstances to explain or clarify a set of phenomena, theories can incorporate factual data, tested hypotheses and established laws. 2) What does Gould mean when he says evolution is a â€Å"fact†? A ‘fact,’ as Gould discussed, is something so significantly probable that it is ridiculous not to recognize its importance. Gould says that evolution is a fact as it is body of knowledge consisting of the world’s data; the ‘theory’ of evolution is a structure of thoughts and ideas that could explain facts. Gould has expressed the general view of the scientific community, that evolution is a fact but the mechanism by which evolution has occurred consists of theories. The scientific community endeavors not to prove the truth of evolution, rather the goal is to explain how it has occurred. He goes on to argue that the occurrence of Evolution is not dependent upon humankind’s ability to come up with a sufficient theoretical explanation to support it. Humans have evolved whether or not Darwin’s theory of natural selection is an accurate theoretical justification for the phenomena. Evolution has occurred and is still occurring. 3) In what way is scientific creationism not scientific? Science is committed to proof and evidence. Creationism is blatantly committed to doctrine. Since creationism is primarily a subject of Biblical faith and religious conviction, verification from the natural world is no more than secondary in its significance. Gould (1981) observes that ‘scientific creationists’ claim to be scientific because they follow the Popperian model in attempting to obliterate the rationality of the evolutionary theory. Yet Popper’s argument has to be applied in two directions. An idea does not automatically become scientific by the mere act of attempting to falsify an adversary, an alternative system which satisfies Popper’s criterion must also be presented, and it must be falsifiable as well. ‘Scientific creationism’ is self-contradictory in its phrasing because it is incapable of being falsified, there are interpretations and experiments that can refute any evolutionary supposition, but no possible data could make a creationist discard solid beliefs in dogma (Gould, 1981). 4) What are the three arguments for the fact of evolution? First is the presence of unswerving proofs that substantiate evolution in field observations and laboratory experiments. One example is the recent discovery in 2004, a fish with transitional features was seen in Canada; the said fish had four finlike legs that permitted the creature to drag itself all the way through shallow water onto land. Scientists around the world see this as evidence that support evolution and an important discovery in identifying the transition from ocean creatures to land animals (NAS, 2008). Another example is the well-known specie of British moths that changed color and become black when the trees which the moths inhabited were darkened with industrial soot. Moths gain safety from predators, usually visually superior birds, by blending and disappearing into the backdrop. It must be noted that major evolutionary changes require a great deal of time that is not compatible with the usage of direct observation in the scale of documented human history (Gould, 1981). Second, the imperfection in nature exposes evolution; evolution is seen in the obvious flaws which record an account of descent. As Gould (1981) discusses, an engineer, designing from the beginning could plan more superior limbs suited for every living thing. All native hefty mammals from Australia are marsupials because they descended from an ancestor isolated in the isle continent. These marsupials are not really more suited for the environment of Australia; many have actually been pushed out by other (placental) mammals introduced by man from different places and continents. This standard of deficiencies and imperfections extend to every historical science. And finally the undeniable evidence of the transitions found in fossil records, there is a continuous temporal succession of increasingly more modern human features: increased cranial capacity, reduced teeth, large body mass (Gould, 1981). 5) How has Gould and Eldredge’s theory of punctuated equilibrium been used against them by the scientific creationists? Gould and Eldredge’s punctuated equilibrium theory proposes that the majority of evolution is marked by lengthy periods of evolutionary constancy, which is then interspersed by infrequent occasions of branching progression This theory was contrasted alongside phyletic gradualism, which is the popular notion that evolution is marked with a pattern of even and constant change in the fossil record. Gould (1996) has favored the particular argument that evolution does not have an inherent drive towards long-standing progress. Many interpretations often refer to evolution as a hierarchy of development, leading to better, quicker, and smarter life forms; the assumption is that evolution is in some way driving organisms to be more complex and intricate, and ultimately more akin to humankind. Evolution’s progress is not for complexity, but for diversification. Because life is inhibited to start with a simple preliminary point, any diversity ensuing from this side may be seen as a shift to the path of higher complexity. But life forms, can adapt towards simplification with no difficulty, an example is the case of parasites (Gould, 1996). This theory has been used by creationists as a citation to support their argument that the scientific community has actually admitted that fossil records does not incorporate transitional forms to support the theory of Evolution. Gould (1981) has clarified and reiterated that transitional forms can generally be found lacking in the level of species, but can be found abundantly among larger groups. Also, the famous creationist Luther Sunderland discusses the punctuated equilibrium theory and tells his readers that it is basically a tacit admission that Creationists are accurate in their assumption that no fossil verification can be found supporting the hypothesis that every life form descends from a common forebear (cited in Gould, 1981). The distortions and oversimplifications of Gould and Eldredge’s theory have been used as a caricature of the beliefs of Richard Goldschmidt, an early yet inaccurate geneticist. References: Gould, S. J. (1981). â€Å"Evolution as Fact and Theory,† Discover 2, May 1981: 34-37; Reprinted with permission from Hen’s Teeth and Horse’s Toes, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1994, pp. 253-262. Gould, S. J. (1996). Full House: The Spread of Excellence From Plato to Darwin. New York: Harmony Books. NAS: National Academy of Sciences. (2008). Science Evolution and Creationism. National Academies Press

Saturday, November 9, 2019

“The Devil in the White City” by Erik Larson

The book â€Å"The Devil in the White City† by Erik Larson describes peculiarities of Chicago life in the Gilded Age. It was the time of industrial growth and development of materialism and political corruption. The government wasn’t bothering of checking corruption in financial and political institutions. I think that â€Å"The Devil in the White City† is one of the most interesting and exciting books which has excellently captured the image of the Gilded Age.Nevertheless, the book is not simple as it may seem at the first glance, because the author has managed to combine positive shifts in architectural design and industry with horrible murders committed by serial killer. The book is shocking and thought-provoking. The author challenges traditional ideas and viewpoints offering real picture of what the Gilded Age was in the history. The work is non-fiction and from the very first pages the author introduces two men who are considered to have affected the legend ary World’s Fair in 1893 – Daniel Burnham and Herman Webster Mudgett.Larson describes Burnham as successful architect with credible reputation and experience in building the fair. The author follows him from the very first steps in his career when he was unsuccessful apprentice who had failed to enter Yale and Harvard. In the image of Daniel the author tries to show the audience the way Daniel has created his famous architectural exposition. Larson introduces Herman Webster Mudgett as opposition to Daniel Burnham to shows that there is good and evil. Neither good nor evil can exist without counter-side. Herman Mudgett uses the alias Dr. H. H. Holmes to lure innocent victims with his wit and charm.Actually, Dr. Holms is series killer who sees an excellent opportunity to kill people by attracting them into his ‘castle’ – mysterious hotel. Dr. Holms manages to hypnotize women and to gain their trust and admiration by promising them financial support an d chance to see the whole world. As a result, women are simply vanishing. The most shocking thing is that Dr. Holmes sells their skeletons to universities. Dr. Holmes is a brilliant psychologist. For example, when he sees that people are suspicious he tries to use his charisma and to persuade that he doesn’t know where women are. Firstly it may seem that it is Dr.Holms who is to be labeled ‘Devil in the City’. In the images of Burnham and Dr. Holmes the author shows skillfully that beauty co-exists with ugliness and good co-exists with evil. No period in the history can be marked as good or bad as there are always positive and negative moments. Interestingly, Larson defines these two characters as ‘artists’ providing two different viewpoints towards the World’s Fair. Larson believes that these different perspectives are equally important as they â€Å"embodied an element of the great dynamic that characterized the rush of America towards the twentieth century†.(p. xi) Burnham and Dr. Holms are representatives of Chicago in the end of the 1800s. Through their images the author shows how the city looks like from negative and positive sides. Actually, the author is willing to show that his book is about eternal battle between good and evil. However, there are no winners and losers. There is only one devil in the city. Larson takes readers into the minds of cunning killer and skillful architect, though he doesn’t explain who the devil in the city is. This question remains uncertain.The Gilded Age is a matter of particular interest for Erik Larson. In the book he supports his theory in several ways. Actually, book’s chapters provide different perspectives and viewpoints as life in Chicago was dubious in those times. Larson describes perspectives of Burnham and Dr. Holmes stressing that they are equally important to the city’s representation. Burnham is representation of pride and glory, whereas Dr. Holmes represents the dark side of Chicago’s life. Larson argues that World’s Fair plays important role for Chicago and other US cities.For example, he writes that Paris organized an exposition which â€Å"showed off France’s self-proclaimed superiority in art, manufacturing, science, and engineering†. (pxxi) Similar role World’s Fair has played in America. Eiffel Tower was something people had never seen before. And Burnham becomes obsessive with idea to create his own Eiffel Tower. In those times Chicago was extremely dirty town and Daniel decided to change it by changing his way of thinking. The author views in Daniel the chance for improvement and development. Consequently, Dr. Holmes is representative of corrupt side of the city.He is the embodiment of scandal affairs and shady politicians. Dr. Holms is viewed as darkness in the city of lights and joyful hopes. Dr. Holms seems to represent the Gilded Age as, on the one hand, he is smart, char ming and wealthy, and, on the other hand, he is bloodthirsty and wicked. At the end of the novel Larson compares perspectives of Dr. Holms and Daniel Burnham uniting different aspects of Chicago. Burnham and Dr. Holms are different people, but they share similar goals. They are both viewed as architects. Burnham is willing to create something new and to challenge traditional viewpoints, whereas Dr.Holms sets the background for killing. The author â€Å"found it so marvellously strange that both these men should be operating at the same time in history, within blocks of each other, both creating powerful legacies, one of brilliance and energy, the other of sorrow and darkness†. (p. xi) Larson believes that there is no other way to portray the Gilded Age and to show main driving forces in 1893. He shows that technical advances are combined with unimaginable evil. I think that the author is very convincing in his portraying the realities of Chicago life as he doesn’t repr esent only one side.Instead, he encompasses both perspectives. To understand Chicago better one has to look at the city through the eyes of dark devil and white angel. Despite the fact that all events are not real, it seems that the whole book is a true event. Erik Larson has done brilliant job representing all events of the fair in such a way that it is hardly possible to dispute them. However, the book is shocking when the author deepens in details concerning Dr. Holmes and his victims. Nevertheless, every white city has its dark evil.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Free Essays on HardDrives

Nearly every desktop computer and server in use today contains one or more hard-disk drives. Every mainframe and supercomputer is normally connected to hundreds of hard-disk drives. Hard disks were invented in the 1950s. They started as large disks up to 20 inches in diameter holding just a few megabytes. Hard drives were originally called "fixed disks" or "Winchesters" (a code name used for a popular IBM product). They later became known as "hard disks" to distinguish them from "floppy disk drives". Hard disks have a hard platter that holds the magnetic medium, as opposed to the flexible plastic film found in tapes and floppies. The earliest true hard disks had the heads of the hard disk in contact with the surface of the disk. This was done to allow the low-sensitivity electronics of the day to be able to better read the magnetic fields on the surface of the disk. The very first production hard disk was the IBM 305 RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control), in troduced on September 13, 1956. The RAMAC stored 5 million characters (approximately five megabytes, but a â€Å"character† in those days was only seven bits, not eight) on a whopping 50 disks, each 24 inches in diameter. Its arealdensity was about 2,000 bits per square inch; in comparison, today’s drives have arealdensity measured in billions of bits per square inch. The data transfer rate of this first drive was an impressive 88,000 bytes per second. Over the succeeding years, the technology improved incrementally; arealdensity, capacity and performance all increased. In 1962, IBM introduced the model 1301 Advanced Disk File. The key advance of this disk drive was the creation of heads that floated or flew above the surface of the disk on an air bearing reducing the distance from the heads to the surface of the disks from 800 to 250 microinches. In 1973, IBM introduced the model 3340 disk drive which is commonly considered to e the father of the ... Free Essays on HardDrives Free Essays on HardDrives Nearly every desktop computer and server in use today contains one or more hard-disk drives. Every mainframe and supercomputer is normally connected to hundreds of hard-disk drives. Hard disks were invented in the 1950s. They started as large disks up to 20 inches in diameter holding just a few megabytes. Hard drives were originally called "fixed disks" or "Winchesters" (a code name used for a popular IBM product). They later became known as "hard disks" to distinguish them from "floppy disk drives". Hard disks have a hard platter that holds the magnetic medium, as opposed to the flexible plastic film found in tapes and floppies. The earliest true hard disks had the heads of the hard disk in contact with the surface of the disk. This was done to allow the low-sensitivity electronics of the day to be able to better read the magnetic fields on the surface of the disk. The very first production hard disk was the IBM 305 RAMAC (Random Access Method of Accounting and Control), in troduced on September 13, 1956. The RAMAC stored 5 million characters (approximately five megabytes, but a â€Å"character† in those days was only seven bits, not eight) on a whopping 50 disks, each 24 inches in diameter. Its arealdensity was about 2,000 bits per square inch; in comparison, today’s drives have arealdensity measured in billions of bits per square inch. The data transfer rate of this first drive was an impressive 88,000 bytes per second. Over the succeeding years, the technology improved incrementally; arealdensity, capacity and performance all increased. In 1962, IBM introduced the model 1301 Advanced Disk File. The key advance of this disk drive was the creation of heads that floated or flew above the surface of the disk on an air bearing reducing the distance from the heads to the surface of the disks from 800 to 250 microinches. In 1973, IBM introduced the model 3340 disk drive which is commonly considered to e the father of the ...

Monday, November 4, 2019

Should Environmental Rights be inserted into the Canadian Charter of Essay

Should Environmental Rights be inserted into the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms - Essay Example Through the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canadians are afforded the right to life, liberty of expression, security and protection from discrimination. However, these liberties and rights can only work against themselves if the people are not allowed to enjoy them with the right to be in healthy environments. To this end, this paper will critically evaluate why environmental rights should be inserted into the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Approaching the protection of certain rights through statutory and constitutional means is a practical and achievable initiative and, in the present age of global warming, all citizens in the world, including future generations, are entitled to protection from unhealthy environments. Therefore, the Canadian federal government must consider how the rights of its citizens to an environment that is balanced ecologically and healthy are ensured, both through statutory and constitutional means. Denying Canadians the right to live in healthy environments cannot be justified. Since a nation’s Constitution defines its people in more ways than just a simple set of legal instructions, it should also exemplify their highest values and aspirations. Therefore, as the supreme law of the land, it is only fair that the Canadian Constitution mirrors its people’s connection to their environment which sustains health and life. Sadly, in the industrialized world, Canada ranks extremely po orly in terms of environmental performance. According to a survey conducted by the Center for Global Development, based in Washington, Canada was placed 27th out of 27 among the industrialized countries (Erin 61). From this, there is evidently an urgent need to include environmental rights in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. This will also serve the purpose of confirming the federal government’s public trust obligation of protecting the environment under its authority.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Was Realism a social movement as much as an artistic one Were the Essay

Was Realism a social movement as much as an artistic one Were the artists' messages and calls for changes of attitude more critical than the art itself Please use specific art examples - Essay Example The realists’ messages and calls were critical as they were equally portrayed in their arts. In the artwork of Gustave Courbet in 1856 entitled â€Å"Les Demoiselles du bord de la Seine† for instance, he painted two women resting under a tree. The color of the painting is prominently green which are contrasted by the red and white clothes of the women, usually common in Courbet’s era. The heavy lines of the painting give a smooth texture to the painting, giving it an almost photographic appearance that makes a viewer feel like he is looking at the scene himself and not just a painting. The balance of color and space in the painting does not only present what the painter wants to show but it also makes the artwork appealing to the eyes. As to form and shape, the painter was able to capture how the models would have looked like in real life, being true to their proportions without exaggerating features for emphasis. The painting also shows good spacing between the figures so that even though the plane used is two-dimensional, it shows a three-dimensional picture with the sleeping woman nearer the viewer and the second woman a little farther from the first. The trees also seem to be a distance away from the women, creating a realistic picture which is the message of

Thursday, October 31, 2019

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 123

Discussion - Essay Example No ventures should be considered as possible options, if they are expected to result in harm to the society or patients. Beneficence demands that the process of acquiring knowledge be directed towards providing greater benefit than harm to the individuals of the society. The activities of Health Sciences professionals should be carried out with a good intent to ensure benefit to the patients. The principle of justice demands that Health Science professionals follow the established laws of the society. Their efforts should be directed towards upholding the spirit of prevailing laws, which demand even distribution of scarce resources and without regard to racial, religious or other differences. The principle of autonomy demands the Health Sciences professionals to opt for approaches that allow others to exercise their basic right of autonomy. The students of Health Sciences should learn to avoid coercion while ensuring that the autonomy of others is not compromised in any way. Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that it is essential for Health Sciences students to follow the principles of medical ethics to ensure optimum delivery of services to the

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

Strategic Management and Business Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic Management and Business Policy - Essay Example Then there are the consequential decisions which take up a lot of resources and thus demand high level commitment from the people at different levels within the organization. The last characteristic within the strategic decision understandings is that of directive decisions which set precedents for lesser decisions as well as the future actions that take place at varied levels of the organization (Hoffman, 2006). A strategic decision at my workplace has been in the form of an example that I can quote here. My boss once asked all the employees to think about the organization and cut back on late comings so that it could boost performance considerably. This was one consequential strategic decision that was taken by the boss so that the productivity could increase and thus the organization could achieve more success with the changing business times. The same were followed up by the employees and about 90% rate of success was achieved within that

Sunday, October 27, 2019

Principles of Motivational Interviewing

Principles of Motivational Interviewing Motivational Interviewing Assignment Introduction: For the purpose of this assignement this student will identify 4 principles of Motivational Interviewing (MI) based on Miller and Rollnick’s (2002a) skilful clinical method of communication, comparing and contrasting these principles with the Digial Recording from my Laboratory work, concluding with the contribution that MI has made to the provision of nursing practice. What is Motivational Interviewing: The World Health Organisation (WHO) clearly identified Health Promotion as â€Å"†¦ the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (WHO 1986), however, there have been â€Å"feelings of frustration† recorded from primary health care workers (HCW) when interacting with patients in relation to making healthy lifestyle changes. This has been attributed in part, due to a lack of motivation in patients and therefore the patient may be adverse to change (Percival, 2013). Miller Rollnick (2002b) hope that HCW by using a collaboration of MI techniques may bring about positive change within a patient, by promoting their hopes and aspirations for the future, drawing on their tangible strengths and using motivation as the mechanism to achieve this change. Indeed, Miller and Rollnick (2002c) defined MI as: â€Å"It is a collaborative, not a prescriptive, approach, in which the counsellor evokes the person’s own intrinsic motivation and resources for change.† Principles of Motivational Interviewing: Miller Rollnick in 2002 identified a number of guiding principles for MI; expressing empathy, develop discrepancy, roll with resistance and support self-efficacy, further reviewed by Rollnick et al. (2008) and expressed using the acronym RULE: Resist the righting reflex, Understanding person’s motivation, Listen with empathy and Empower the person. To achieve success in MI using these principles, there are certain skills that must be utilised in a positive and effective outcome, for instance asking open questions, affirming the strengths of the patient and reflecting back or summing up what you have heard. Assess and critique of digital recording using identified principles: Resist the Righting Reflex: A natural and automatic reaction of the HCP is to make things â€Å"right† by fixing a problem, this stems from their training and experience in healthcare. Through the role play I feel that I spent too long trying to redirect the patient back to the topic of smoking, wanted to right the situation and I wouldn’t take verbal and nonverbal cues that the patient did not want to talk about smoking at that given time, it seemed to me that she had a greater desire to vent her feelings about her current marital situation including the recent infidelity, from a biopsychosocial perspective this was central to her recovery, and yet I returned on a number of occasions to the question of smoking albeit in a covert manner. The patient was in a state of pre-contemplation (Prochaska and DiClemente 1986), whereby she didn’t want to engage in any confrontational situation, believing that she did not need to change her habits regarding smoking, upon reflection the patient appeared pressured to into accepting change which further exacerbated her lack of desire to change. It appears that there was an increase in persistent resistance from the patient, which was as a direct outcome of me reverting back to the issue of smoking, therefore it is probable to say that in this scenario as a result of my desire to â€Å"right† the situation, I in fact made it worse, creating an underlying tension which was not beneficial for the patient’s recovery. I feel that a better approach would have been to gently broach the subject, with an understanding and acceptance that this was not the right time to discuss smoking cessation as the patient had other ongoing stressors. If by looking at and talking with the patient about her current biopsychosocial and socioecological stressors, I may have developed greater insight into what exactly may motivate this patient, therefore giving me clearer collateral to help develop my objective of discussing smoking cessation. Exploring and understanding the individual’s motivation: The patients own motives for change are more often than not prone to initiating change, however, in this scenario there was no indication that the patient was voicing any indicators that they wanted to change their smoking habbit, yes, she had mentioned that she had given up in the past and though I tried to develop that area it was met with resistence. Instead of trying to reason why this person isn’t motivated, I should have looked at what it is exactly that motivates her, irrespective of her current situation. There was scope to develop this as the patient showed great concern for her children, a key discrepancy in her concerns and her current smoking habit, this is a focal point that I should and could have developed further. In her current situation the patients confidence appeared to be extremely low, however I could have measured a true subjective rating in her confidence level by asking her a simple rating question â€Å"to rate from 0-10 how ready are you†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . This would have given me a springboard on which to probe for further motivational factors. Again by asking simple open ended questions such as: â€Å"what do you want to achieve? or how important is this for you?† it would have given greater insight into what motivates the patient by denoting what their goals are. As such, my focus was to talk about smoking cessation and unfortunately I didn’t pay much attention to signals; identifying what interests and concerns the patient was currently experiencing. There were small marked areas of ambivalence, which some (Mill Red 2008) regard as normal in MI and it was apparent at this time that the cons to giving up smoking outweighed the pros thus the patient appears to be somewhat unmotivated. Listening with empathy Empathy entails the HCP to listen to and engage with the patient in a non-judgmental manner. I expressed an understanding of how personal this experience was for the patient asking them to focus on their own issues and recovery, it could have been very easy for me to have been blasà © about the circumstances leading up to the admission, accepting what the patient was telling me in a non judgmental way. Giving a summary reflection, I paraphrased what the patient had told be asking for affirmation that I had an understanding of the current situation, which helped me to contextualise and use the patients own frame of reference. I listened for ‘change talk†, but couldn’t identify any desire, ability, reasons, need, commitment or taking steps towards instigating change, therefore the patient may not have been ready to engage in MI, however, it was a brief encounter of 5 minutes, giving me good insight into the patients current situation. The patient may not have been able to articulate their true convictions because of fear, lack of cognizance or increased anx iety due to her physical ill health and also the far reaching impact of her partner’s infidelity. Upon reflection my opening of â€Å"tell me about your problem† was poor and should have been more open and empathetic could have been more, I should have used â€Å"tell me about it† I felt that I displayed some very good attributes to listening empathetically; my body language and posture were open, engaging and receptive. I was non-confrontational or judgemental and verbally exhibited this through an appropriate use of tone and pitch, however, as mentioned earlier, I missed some important cues and felt that I didn’t ‘roll with resistance’, though it must be noted that working in a psychiatric environment there are less time constraints and more opportunities to develop an augmented MI working relationship with a patient. Empower the patient: Erickson et al. (2005) deemed that a person can increase their belief in the probability of change based on their ‘past successes’, so by focusing on the patient’s strengths and allowing them to achieve their own goal(s) the HCP can give the responsibility, ownership and control of choices back to the patient. It is within this stage that the HCP has to be a facilitator and motivator to the patient. Again the use of ‘scale questions’ can be very beneficial to the patient allowing them to rate how they perceive their situation allowing them to focus on their skills and strengths. As with all interventions in nursing, the skillset is with the clinician and MI can only work effectively if used correctly. Throughout the role play there were a number of positive example of where I was empowering the patient, starting with â€Å"I am not hear to lecture or preach to you, just to talk to you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  this I felt set expectations with the patient though it could have been more specific to smoking cessation. Focusing on strengths and positives; I asked â€Å"what did you do before to give†¦Ã¢â‚¬  showing the patient that they have succeeded in stopping smoking in the past. The patient expressed concerns about intrinsic family issues, though acknowledging that these are important, I advised the patient to focus and ‘concentrate on themselves in the here and now’. There were a number of pitfalls that I should have avoided such as using technical terms ‘psychosocial/biopsychosocial’ as the patient may not have understood what I meant, I should have kept it short and simple, mirroring the language used by the patient. Another area that should have been avoided was when I asked â€Å"when did you start smoking again? I know you don’t want to talk about it but..† as I feel that this reaffirmed a negative with the patient, contrasting strongly with the strengths and positives previously identified. Patients’ own arguments for change can be more persuasive than any arguments that an HCP may put forward, but it must be noted. Concentrate on the here and now†¦ It is fundamental that the HCP engages with the client in an open, non-confrontational manner with the HCP not falling into the trap of being the expert trying to assess the patient, apportioning blame or having preconceived ideas/beliefs regarding the patient. Conclusion: The Contribution that MI has mad to Nursing Practice. MI by the virtue of its patient centredness, MI affords itself to be used in a wide array of clinical settings through the use of interpersonal relationship (Rollnick and Miller 1995) allowing healthcare providers to be at one with the patient (Sobell Sobell 1993). There have been, in excess of 200 Randomised clinical trials validating the efficacy of MI in a wider cohort of nursing interventions (REF). It appears from the research that there are more studies needed to validate the true clinical efficacy of MI, however, MI has been used successfully in a multiplicity of settings from from smoking/alcohol cessation, improved efficacy in medication adherence, clients with Cancer (Thomas et al. 2012) HIV, weight management, indeed MI could and should be used all encounters between HCP and patients. The UK’s National Health Servce is rolling out a programme through all sectors about making every encounter count† which has its basis in MI. The WHO actively encourages the use of MI for those working on a quit lines when used in combination with theoretical approaches (WHO, 2014). Talking therapies have been complimented by the symbiotic use of MI in the promotion of health and as such must be embraced across all segments of the health sector, affording self-efficacy in positive outcomes for the patient. References: Mill Red 2008) Erickson, S. J.,Gerstle, M., Feldstein, S.W. (2005). Brief interventions and motivational interviewing with children, adolescents and their parents in paediatric health care settings. Archives of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 159, 1173–1180 Miller, W. R. (1983). Motivational interviewing with problem drinkers. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 11, 147–172. Miller W.R. (1995) Motivational Enhancement Therapy with Drug Abusers http://motivationalinterview.org/Documents/METDrugAbuse.PDF(Accessed 13/10/2014) Miller W, Rollnick S (2010) What’s New Since MI-2, 2’nd International Conference on Motivational Interviewing, Stockholm, Sweden. (Last accessed: 14/10/2014) http://www.motivationalinterview.org/Documents/Miller-and-Rollnick-june6-pre-conference-workshop.pdf Miller, W. Rollnick S. (2002a pg. 41) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change, 2nd edn. Guilford Press, New York Miller, W. and Rollnick, S. (2002b) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change, 2nd edn. Pg 22 New York; The Guilford Press Miller, W. and Rollnick, S. (2002c pg.41) Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change, 2nd edn. New York; The Guilford Press. Moyers, T. Rollnick S. (2002) A motivational interviewing perspective on resistance in psychotherapy. Psychotherapy in Practice 58, 185–193. Percival, J. (2013) Healthy lifestyle changes – getting beyond the ‘difficult’ conversationNovember 2013 | Volume 23 | Number 9 RCN London Prochaska J.O, DiClemente C.C (1986) Towards a comprehensive model of change. In Miller WR, Heather N (Eds) Treating Addictive Behaviors: Processes of Change. Plenum Press, New York NY, 3-27. Rogers C. (1951) Client-Centered Therapy. Houghton-Mifflin, Boston, MA. Rollnick, S. Miller, W. and Butler, C. (2008) Motivational Interviewing in Health Care. London; The Guilford Press. Sobell M.B. Sobell L.C. (1993) ProblemDrinkers. Guilford Press, New York. Thomas, M.L. (2012), Elliott, J.L., Rao, S.M. Fahey, K.F. Paul, S.P Miaskowski, C. A Randomized, Clinical Trial of Education or Motivational-Interviewing–Based Coaching Compared to Usual Care to Improve Cancer Pain Management: Vol. 39, No. 1, January 2012 Oncology Nursing Forum White, W.L. Miller, W.R. (2007) The use of confrontation in addiction treatment: history, sciences and time for change. Counsellor 8, 12–30. WHO (2009) Milestones in Health Promotion, Statements from Global Conferences. Accessed 17/10/2014 /http://www.who.int/healthpromotion/Milestones_Health_Promotion_05022010.pdf?ua=1 WHO (2014) Training for tobacco quit line counsellors: telephone counselling. WHO, Geneva. 1

Friday, October 25, 2019

Volunteering for a Food Drive Essay -- Contribution to My Community Ser

Volunteering for a Food Drive "I'm hungry. Let's get something to eat before we go." It was around ten o'clock on a Saturday morning. Normally my parents might find me in bed or playing on the computer at this time, but I was dressed and grasping the doorknob in our kitchen on this particular morning. I felt a slight wave of hunger flow through my body, so I suggested to my mother that we have a light mid-morning snack to tide us over before lunch. I searched through a cupboard and found some crackers to take with us. It was going to be a hard day, and although I knew the people at the church would probably bring snacks and refreshments for us, I wanted to be sure that I had a full stomach on which to work. I wouldn't realize the true meaning of hunger, however, until my day of work on the postal workers' food drive was done. My mother helped out at various times throughout the year at volunteer events in the community. When I was born, she passed a few of her traits to me, and I, too, became interested in volunteering. I spent a day each summer going down to my grandmother's church and helping out with a summer fair by selling items and collecting money for the church. As Mom started to talk about the postal worker's food drive for the local food cupboard, I was anxious to help out in my own community. The idea fascinated me, helping out my neighbors by collecting and dispersing food to where it was needed. I knew I'd feel just like Robin Hood†¦taking from the rich and giving to the poor. In this case, though, all of the process was voluntary. My impression of hunger and starvation was limited in the past to the memorable television commercials for UNICEF and the children's funds around the world. I never realized that hunger might occur closer to home. I certainly never thought that anyone within my neighborhood or my town would be hungry. Mom drove us to where the food cupboard was located, at the Congregational church. As I entered in to the large meeting room downstairs at the church, I was met by around eight smiling residents of our town. A few of them were older ladies; a couple of them were middle-aged men. I would come to know them better as my visit elapsed at the church. I was unsure and a bit nervous at first. I hadn't visited the church since my elementary grades during which I participated in a weeklong summer Bible school. I... ...t to help out my neighbors. But a part of me still housed despair. Most of this food would be used by the next food drive in about six months. I could only compare it to when I was a child, seeing an ambulance rush by my house; I wasn't sure whether to think that someone was hurt or that someone was helping. Now I wasn't sure if I should think of the suffering person or the people who helped by donating food. My hope was that the people needing help would find it partially because of my assistance. But I knew there would be some that, for some reason or another, declined to have the assistance. They were still suffering. By the end of the day, my view of hunger had completely changed. After my help, I sometimes wondered about the people who really needed food whenever I was grabbing a bite to eat. I sometimes worried about the people who were too afraid or too proud to seek help. And I sometimes thought about the time when I was the driver of the ambulance. From then on, I searched through the cupboards to find extra cans that we could donate during the food drives. And when it was ten in the morning and I needed something to eat, I reconsidered how hungry I really felt.

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Culture of Armenia †history, people, women, beliefs, food, customs Essay

(I am trying to make art that relates to the deepest and most mythic concerns of humankind and I believe that, at this moment of history, feminism is humanism. Judy Chicago, 1990) Armenian traditions and culture made an Armenian woman unable to work outside of their homes for several decades. As women were supposed to marry at very young ages there was no need for personal and professional growth except being excellent households. In the first stage (0-19 years) of their lives, they were dependent financially on their families, especially fathers, after that they were depended on their husbands. As lives of many of Armenian girls were already decided before they were born, there was no room for education and career. However, even in that kind of situation, there were several motives for pushing women to education and workforce. Industrialization and technology development were some of those reasons. So, we may think that women were not utilized entirely by the society, that’s way with the development the role of women in the family decreased hence increased in the society. And as women started to enter the workforce and get out of their â€Å"home† comfort zone, the need for secure rights and respect increased by them. So, why it was not important to have rights within the family? Here come tradition and culture. Armenian women were always thought from their young ages, that family is the most valuable thing that can happen in their lives and family wife, the mother must always sacrifice their happiness, dreams and overall lives to build a strong and â€Å"child-friendly† environment within their families. As families were big (6 – 10 members) there was no time left for the women to think about their long-term goals and dreams. They were entirely taken by day-to-day household activities and child’s upbringing, however, I personally think that if girls were taught about other values from younger ages, the society would change itself even with very little steps. It is a cyclical system and all starts from the childhood. There is another argument, that we may also consider: women were accepted as the â€Å"tool† of continuing the nation with next generation. Women were blamed when they were not married because they will not be able to give a birth to a child, especially a boy. And those women who decided not to marry were forced to wear old, black clothes and they needed to cover their faces. There is another crucial fact, as many towns and villages couldn’t provide a primary education mothers were supposed to teach their children as well. So, the way that child’s brain and imagination will be shaped was in the hand of their mothers. At the first glance, we may think that women in poverty or girls who were married by force were the main engine of driving the society into feminist ideas. Because they were the ones who had no voice in the family and society, most of their husbands migrated to other towns to make money. In villages especially, women were publicly harassed for their speech in front of another man. However, the history showed us that feminists were from the elite class of the society, we can see lots of cases both in Armenia and worldwide. So, why were feminists from the highest social class, if they could have anything that they needed? There are several reasons for that, but in this paper, I will consider just two of them: being able to afford higher education; free time. A good education has always been an expansive experience. Even now, when almost every city has its own school and at least one university, for graduating you need to have money. What about 19th centuries? When people started to value the education and wealthy families were seeking to give their children the best education, both for their status and for their next generation’s welfare. Graduates from all institutions that provided higher education were from wealthy families. And only the most wealthy families will spend money for their daughter’s education. From that institutions, girls got only knowledge but a dream of getting more than just having husbands and children. They wanted to use their talents and knowledge to change something in this world. Education â€Å"educate† people to move forward and always take into account one’s individual ways of thinking, sometimes feelings and even just intuition when making decisions. However, all these cannot be i ntegrated into typical Armenian Family’s daily routine. Most of the decision was made by the man and sometimes never advised with the women. Even if the issue is really crucial and important for family’s future. So, the women are a subordinate, just an active resource that can be used based on man’s decision. Some people argue that while the feminist movement certainly opened up jobs and opportunities available to women, it ultimately harmed women, children, and family because it devalued motherhood. I would agree with some part of this statement, however, I will change a word in it: As the feminist movement certainly opened up jobs and opportunities available to women, it ultimately changed women, children, and family because it devalued patriarchal families. With the increase of women in the workforce the birth rate decreased. And women got less time to provide to their personal lives and more importantly number of children born by a single woman decrease.When women Ð °cquired greÐ °ter clÐ °ss stÐ °tus and power without conducting themselves differently from mÐ °les, feminist politics were undermined. Middle- Ð °nd lower-middle clÐ °ss women who were suddenly compelled by the ethos of feminism to enter the workforce did not feel liberated once they fÐ °ced the hard truth that working outside the home did not mean work in the home would be equally shÐ °red with mÐ °le partners. So, what is the reason? Is there any solution that could combine a working mother and more children in one family? Yes, in my point of view, there is one. If the life of a woman changes during decades, a routine of man was stable. They haven’t met any crucial changes in their daily routines and plans with this development. And here is the problem. If the father took some of the women’s activities and concerns within the family, everything would be balanced. Because the woman changes entirely after having a child, and in the workplaces, it is not always guaranteed that women could get her job back after maternity leave. Some countries found the solution: paternity leave. Fathers have equal rights to get leave for the newborn baby, and the problem is somehow solved. So, how is this connected to social status? Women from higher social classes have the opportunity of choosing. It can be just an ability to choose a dress or choose a life partner. Along with this, they have more time available (they have servants) for their own interests, so instead of doing household activities they are building their personalities and constructing their own lives. There are lots of examples of wealthy feminists from the history both worldwide and in Armenia. One of the most famous Armenian feminists was Serbouhi Dussab. She was a good example of well-educated, self-confident Armenian women. She was well-known in her time because she had a social status, and it made her voice to be heard. In the traditional Armenian society, it was not always easy to express your opinion as an individual, especially in novels. In her second novel (Siranush, published in 1884) she talked about family life, marriage and women’s right in Armenian families. She stepped into the sphere that was never touched deeply by women. Every question, especially regarding genders, have at least two viewpoints, and it is not always to be in the â€Å"middle†. Women should look into the question of gender equality with a cold heart and sharp mind, or else feelings will make a decision instead of them. This is what we can see in writings of Ms. Srbouhie Dussab. However, in Armenian society women were not only making a difference in literature but also found several charitable funds and organizations, which changed the society’s way of thinking step by step. Some of those organizations were: The School-Loving Ladies Society, founded in 1979 by Ms. Nurik Simanian, Ms. Taguhie Paltazarian, and Mrs. Armaveni Minassian. The goal of the society to promote education of Armenian girls and train teacher for provinces, set private free schools for Armenian girls ; â€Å"Education-loving Ladies†, founded in 1880 and society’s goal was to take care of poo rs, orphans, widows ; â€Å"Union of girls and young men† founded in 1919, an example of joint man and woman organization and â€Å"Armenian Women’s Association† founded in 1919, aimed to contribute to Armenian women’s moral intellectual, material and physical development, establish cooperation between all Armenian women, use Armenian potential to promote the Armenian Cause. The Armenian women’s charitable society of Tiflis Was the largest and long-lived women’s organization. On 4th of December, 1879 114 ladies gathered in the conference hall of the Mariamian-Hovnanian girls’ school, organized fundraising, raised 407 rubles for sending to Constantinople. On 31st of December, 1881 Society’s Charter was adopted. According to the Charter, the goal of the Society was to promote the education of women: a. by opening and maintaining a private school for females at its own cost b. by supporting parochial schools for females with its own funds as well as by assisting those women that wish to become teachers in parochial schools’. The society also granted scholarships for unmarried women to study education or medicine. Within first 10 years, Society organized 11 balls, 6 performances, 3 concerts, 2 public lectures, all of which proved quite successful as fund-raisers. One of the most memorable organizations was Armenian Society â€Å"Meghu† in Tiflis â€Å"Meghu† decided to stop poverty by waging war against women’s unemployment. First, there was the issue of cheap labor. The number of job-seekers is constantly on the rise and fear of starvation forces workers to accept lower wages. Second, there was a danger of the flaw of living at the expense of someone else’s labor. The founders of the Society divided those living at someone else’s labor into two groups, evil-doers or robbers, and beggars. †A beggar with his rags and nakedness does the same thing as a robber: beggary, too, is a trade and a mask, which can be used to peacefully rob someone without running any risk.† A power was needed that would help them at the time of despair and would encourage them. The class came to the conclusion that the existing charities were powerless to fight against a huge force of economic crisis. Those women came up with an idea of establishing a purely democratic association that would be able without hurting people’s self-respect to provide the unfortunate victims of our materialistic age, especially women. Armenian female workers are the most oppressed, ill-used and exploited social class because, on the one hand, of their shyness and, on the other hand, of the overall economic situation. Women earned their living with home-craft (ex. sewing, and they would make kopecks).The Society set a goal of establishing the †House of Work† (workshops) and of assisting in promoting the cause of eliminating illiteracy of poor women. Workshops, such as dress-making, dry-cleaning, cardboard, artificial flowers, basketry, cooking. For 13-17 years old-sold girls society opened a school. The final decision was that only girls that have a level of knowledge equal to the graduates of the parochial elementary school shall be admitted to the school at the Meghu House of Work. As mentioned before, a good education and self-confidence can have a cyclical effect and attract more women to take their lives in their hands. Maybe the engines of feminism revolution were a wealthy woman, but they helped the society to understand the importance of equality in every sphere of life. They changed the world by writing novels, founding organizations, societies, and schools. Importance of a good education is rising day-by-day and feminists have a huge role in it by their activities. They brought the problems of women from top to the lives of people and made middle- and low- social class women to think about their futures by themselves.